Quantum computing is the emerging trend which is focused on the development of computer technology, based on the principles of “quantum theory”. Quantum theory was proposed in the year 1900 by Max Planck, a physicist. He explained the nature and behavior of energy and matter on the quantum level. Quantum Computer, (so far hypothetical the research is going on) is based on the behavior of subatomic particles for doing the calculations.
Quantum Computer has the capability of executing Millions of Instructions Per second (MIPS) than any other computer which was built previously. The quantum computer would expand the processing power enormously, by improving the ability of the computing power in multiple states and use all possible permutations and combinations simultaneously to perform the tasks. Currently, MIT, Oxford University, and IBM are doing research in quantum computing.
Principles of Quantum computing
In the Classical computer memory uses bits, which are combinations of either 0 or 1. Quantum computer is store data on qubit or quantum bit (a unit of quantum information). A single qubit may represent 1,0, or any quantum superposition (any two or more quantum can be added together and form another valid quantum state), of two qubits states; two qubits represent four states of any quantum superposition and three represent 8 states of any quantum superposition and so on. Therefore n qubits can be representing 2n states simultaneously. If a quantum computer is comprised of 500 qubits it would have the potential to do 2500 calculations simultaneously. A quantum computer uses quantum gates and measurements (used to understand the problem of the interpretation of quantum mechanics), to represents qubits. The problem is encoded by setting the initial values of the qubits which are composed of the sequence of logic gates. Example, a qubit of a quantum computer uses two states “down” and “up” which is represented by and or |0> or |1>
Applications of Quantum computing
Quantum computing will affect all the industries. Here are some applications of Quantum computing.
1. Online security
2. Artificial intelligence
3. Improve weather forecasting and climate change predictions
4. Traffic control
5. Drug development
6. And much more…
Thus Quantum computers make us solve complex problems by giving such ability that is beyond the capabilities of classical computers.